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Born Jean-Baptiste Poquelin in 1622, Molière became one of France's most celebrated playwrights, actors, and poets, profoundly influencing Western literature and theatre with his deft blend of sophisticated comedy and social critique. Adopting the stage name 'Molière', he started his theatrical career with the Illustre Théâtre, a company he founded with his comrades in the mid-17th century. His initial forays met with financial despair, but his dedication and talent eventually gained him the patronage of Louis XIV.

Molière's enduring body of work includes comedies, farces, and comédies-ballets, a form he popularized. Among his masterpieces is 'The Miser' ('L'Avare'), a five-act comedy first performed in 1668, satirizing avarice and bourgeois pretentiousness through the character Harpagon. Molière's plays are characterized by their use of wit, intricate plotlines, and ability to portray the depths of human nature. Despite some opposition from moralist critics and rivalry with fellow playwrights, his works remained popular, securing his legacy.

Molière's influence extended beyond the arts, as he often boldly addressed issues like religious hypocrisy and societal norms. His literary style combined the traditions of the French classical stage with his unique comedic insight. His eloquent dialogues and genuine depictions of middle-class life resonated deeply with audiences. Some of his other notable works include 'Tartuffe', 'The School for Wives', and 'The Misanthrope'. He died in 1673, shortly after collapsing on stage during a performance of one of his own plays, but his contribution to French literature endures, cementing his status as a literary luminary.