Socrates: The Man Behind the Myth presents Xenophon's distinctive portrait of the Athenian philosopher: practical, pious, self-controlled, and relentlessly committed to moral improvement. Unlike Plato's more dramatic and metaphysical dialogues, Xenophon's prose is plain, lucid, and testimonial, shaped by the habits of a soldier-historian rather than a speculative philosopher. Set against the intellectual ferment and political anxieties of classical Athens, the work defends Socrates from charges of impiety and corruption while preserving the texture of his everyday conversations. Xenophon, an Athenian aristocrat, soldier, mercenary leader, and historian, knew Socrates personally and wrote with the authority of memory as well as admiration. His varied life—marked by exile, military command, and reflection on leadership—helps explain his interest in Socrates as a model of discipline, usefulness, and ethical clarity. For Xenophon, philosophy is not abstraction alone but training for honorable action. This book is highly recommended for readers seeking a counterbalance to the Platonic Socrates. It offers students of philosophy, classics, and intellectual history a sober, accessible, and invaluable account of a thinker whose legend often obscures his human presence. Xenophon restores Socrates to the streets, households, and moral crises of Athens.

This enriched edition has been carefully crafted to add value to your reading experience.
- A comprehensive Introduction outlines these selected works' unifying features, themes, or stylistic evolutions.
- The Author Biography highlights personal milestones and literary influences that shape the entire body of writing.
- A Historical Context section situates the works in their broader era—social currents, cultural trends, and key events that underpin their creation.
- A concise Synopsis (Selection) offers an accessible overview of the included texts, helping readers navigate plotlines and main ideas without revealing critical twists.
- A unified Analysis examines recurring motifs and stylistic hallmarks across the collection, tying the stories together while spotlighting the different work's strengths.
- Reflection questions inspire deeper contemplation of the author's overarching message, inviting readers to draw connections among different texts and relate them to modern contexts.
- Lastly, our hand‐picked Memorable Quotes distill pivotal lines and turning points, serving as touchstones for the collection's central themes.

Xenophon of Athens (c. 431 BC – 354 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher, historian, soldier, mercenary, and student of Socrates. Xenophon's works span several genres and are written in plain-language Attic Greek, for which reason they serve as translation exercises for contemporary students of the Ancient Greek language. As a historian, Xenophon is known for recording the history of his time, the late-5th and early-4th centuries BC, in such works as the Hellenica, which covered the final seven years and the aftermath of the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), thus representing a thematic continuation of Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War.