Treasure Island (Including the History Behind the Book) places a seminal adventure narrative in conversation with the documentary, fictional, and mythmaking traditions from which modern pirate lore emerged. Its central tale of maps, mutiny, buried wealth, and shifting loyalties is complemented by historical materials that illuminate the maritime world behind its enduring emblems. Moving between brisk coming-of-age adventure, travel narrative, moral fable, and quasi-historical chronicle, the volume reveals how the figure of the pirate became at once a social outlaw, a commercial threat, and a subject of popular romance. The collection brings together Robert Louis Stevenson's late-Victorian reimagining of seafaring adventure with Daniel Defoe and Captain Charles Johnson, writers associated with formative accounts of criminality, commerce, travel, and piracy. Their works emerge from distinct but connected literary cultures: the early eighteenth-century expansion of print, empire, and Atlantic trade, and the nineteenth-century revival of romance and boyhood adventure. Read together, these voices show how purported history and imaginative fiction continually shaped one another, preserving records of maritime violence while transforming them into narrative archetypes. This volume is especially valuable for readers seeking to understand Treasure Island not as an isolated classic but as part of a larger history of pirate representation. It offers an accessible yet intellectually rich opportunity to compare styles, historical assumptions, and narrative pleasures, while tracing the dialogue between fact, legend, and literary invention.