Literature is one of the oldest human arts that a person has known, and it is like all arts seeking a high human value that requires itself, is beauty; The writer uses beautiful pronunciation to show his purpose; Its richest is to clarify the meaning and the ideas it carries. And "literature" is a mirror of what it has to do with any nation of progress or decline, so we find that the etiquette of the Arabs reached the height of its greatness during the bright civilization renaissance during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, then with the weakness of the Arabs its arts retreated. Our book tells in the hurry of the story of the art of literature for the Arabs and the Franks, and monitors its important historical stages that he went through, and his pioneers who got up with it; Therefore, the author singled out pages all the biography of one of the most important flags, the great French writer and poet Victor Hugo, as a model for the feat of the principles, who explained his ideas and philosophy in a distinct literary framework