The Mencius is a collection of conversations, anecdotes, and series of genuine and imagined interviews by the Confucian philosopher, Mencius. The book explores Mencius' views on the topics of moral and political philosophy, that are often posed as a dialogue to the ideas presented by Confucianism. The book documents Mencius' travel across the states, and his philosophical conversations and debates with those he meets on his journey.

Mencius (372–289 BC or 385–303 or 302 BC) was a Chinese Confucian philosopher who has often been described as the "second Sage", that is, after only Confucius himself.