The History of Rome is a five volume history of ancient Rome written by Theodor Mommsen, dealing mainly with the Roman Republic. First volume deals with the Roman origins and covers the period anterior to the abolition of the Monarchy. Second volume depicts events from the abolition of the Monarchy in Rome to the union of Italy. Third volume deals with the Punic Wars and the subjugation of Carthage and the Greek states. Volume four covers the Revolution, dealing with the Gracchi, Marius, Drusus, and Sulla. Final volume covers the Civil War and the establishment of the military monarchy during the reign of Julius Caesar.

Theodor Mommsen (1817-1903) was a German classical scholar, historian, jurist, journalist, politician and archaeologist. He was one of the greatest classicists of the 19th century. His work regarding Roman history is still of fundamental importance for contemporary research. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1902 for his monumental work, The History of Rome. He was also a prominent German politician, as a member of the Prussian and German parliaments. His works on Roman law and on the law of obligations had a significant impact on the German civil code.