Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata is a comprehensive and foundational work designed to introduce students and enthusiasts to the study of vertebrate biology. Authored by H. G. Wells, with contributions from G. P. Bidder and others, this textbook was originally published in the late 19th century and remains a valuable resource for understanding the structure, function, and classification of vertebrate animals. The book systematically explores the major groups within the vertebrate subphylum, including fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, providing detailed descriptions of their anatomy, physiology, and evolutionary relationships. The text is organized to facilitate learning, beginning with general principles of biology and the characteristics that define vertebrates. It delves into the comparative anatomy of different vertebrate classes, highlighting both their unique adaptations and shared features. The book includes clear explanations of complex biological concepts, supported by numerous illustrations and diagrams that enhance comprehension. Topics such as the skeletal, muscular, circulatory, respiratory, and nervous systems are thoroughly covered, offering readers a holistic view of vertebrate biology. In addition to anatomical and physiological details, Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata addresses the ecological roles and life histories of vertebrates, emphasizing their importance in natural ecosystems. The text also discusses methods of scientific observation and dissection, making it a practical guide for laboratory work and field studies. Throughout, the authors maintain a clear and engaging style, making the material accessible to both beginners and more advanced students. This classic textbook not only serves as an introduction to vertebrate biology but also reflects the scientific knowledge and educational approaches of its time. It is an essential reference for anyone interested in zoology, comparative anatomy, or the history of biological sciences. Whether used for formal study or personal enrichment, Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata offers a thorough and insightful exploration of the fascinating world of vertebrate animals.