The Canterbury Tales (written between 1387 and 1400) is Geoffrey Chaucer's masterpiece and one of the greatest works of Middle English literature. The book presents a vivid portrait of medieval English society through a collection of stories told by a diverse group of pilgrims traveling from London to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket in Canterbury. To pass the time on their journey, the host of the group proposes a storytelling contest: each pilgrim will tell tales that entertain and teach moral lessons. The pilgrims come from all walks of life—a knight, a miller, a prioress, a merchant, a wife from Bath, and many others—each revealing their personality, values, and social background through their stories. The tales range from chivalric romances and fables to bawdy comedies and moral allegories, reflecting the variety and complexity of human experience. Chaucer's keen observation, humor, and use of vernacular English create a lively and realistic depiction of medieval life. Beyond entertainment, The Canterbury Tales explores universal themes such as love, greed, faith, corruption, and the search for truth. It remains a foundational work in English literature and a timeless study of humanity in all its diversity.

Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343–1400) was an English poet, court official, and diplomat, often called the father of English literature. Writing in Middle English, he combined humor, realism, and moral insight in works like The Canterbury Tales, helping to establish English as a literary language equal to Latin and French.