The concept of culture is inherent in the social sciences and, to some extent, essential for thinking about the unity of humanity through diversity, unlike biological thinking. This concept seems to offer the most convincing answer to the question of the difference between peoples, because the "racial" answer has gradually lost its value with the development of human genetics.
Humans are fundamentally cultural beings. The long process of human transformation, which began ten million years ago, essentially involved a transition from genetic adaptation to the natural environment to cultural adaptation. Over the course of this evolution, which led to the emergence of Homo sapiens, the first human, instincts declined significantly and were gradually replaced by culture, an adaptation that humans were able to control. This adaptation proved to be more effective than genetic adaptation because it is more flexible, easier, and more readily transmissible. Culture not only allows humans to adapt to their environment but also to adapt that environment to their needs and projects. In other words, culture makes it possible to change nature.