When new cities were established, as an extension of other cities that preceded them, the new city was allocated first for the residence of the governor, or the caliph, his entourage, and those close to him, and this is what Commander Jawhar did when he established the city of Cairo in the year 358 AH - 969 AD, as an extension of Fustat, the military, and the flocks. He prepared it to be a house of caliphate for the caliph, his soldiers, and his elite, and this was the case on the outskirts of the city when it was inhabited by caliphs or kings, for it would be a reason for the construction of what was around it.
Jawhar began building a wall around the city, and authorized the tribes to draw up a plan by which they were known. Then he established the Cairo Mosque (Al-Azhar), the Grand Eastern Palace, and built the moat on the northern side. It was noted that the lanes that the tribes planned were close to the walls and lanes, such as the lanes: Al-Rum, Zuwailah, and Al-Barqiya.
From studying Cairo in light of what was written about it, it became clear that it was planned and divided into squares and squares in front of the palaces and between them, and in front of its main buildings and mosques.