The scientist Mosharafa discusses one of the important issues that still preoccupies scientists and those working in international politics, which is the structure of the atom. Therefore, Mosharafa presents scientific research on everything related to the structure of the atom, the elements that compose it, and the rays that contribute to its formation. He then talks about the nucleus, the scientific research that has been conducted on it, and how to benefit from the nucleus in the field of generating atomic energy. It also explains and analyzes the scientific motives that led to the emergence of the idea of ​​energy, the extent of its impact on peoples, and how it can be converted into energy for peace, construction, and reconstruction in the lives of nations. At the end of this valuable scientific book, Mosharafa touches on the importance of uranium in the field of nuclear energy, then points out that the Egyptian geological nature is qualified to discover this important element on its lands, and that all we need is serious research to exploit our natural resources in a way that guarantees us good progress in the procession of scientific progress.