This book seeks to draw a brief picture of the emergence of mathematical sciences since man felt his need for them, and since his knowledge and needs were simple and elementary. Then, these sciences were traced to various ancient nations until we reached the Arabs. He traced the development of these sciences among them from the pre-Islamic era to their golden age in the days of Al-Ma'mun Al-Abbasi, when Muhammad bin Musa excelled and became famous in the horizons.. The authors say, "Our goal is to determine in light of this the position of the Arabs regarding the mathematical sciences in relation to other nations, and also to determine the share of the Arabs In invention and innovation in these sciences, we chose the character of Al-Khwarizmi because he accurately represents what the Arabs created in the mathematical sciences, especially algebra."