The study of ancient history differs from the study of modern history in one thing, which is that documents are not only the historian's only reference, but also all the effects that surround man. In studying ancient history, we are interested in tracing man since he lived in caves. We study the tools he left behind for us in hunting and hunting, just as we study the bones of the animals whose flesh he lived on, and the skulls or bones of this human being that we find in these caves.
In these early eras that preceded the era of written documents, we rely in studying their history on what we find of flint tools and the remains of pottery vessels. In these remains we find ample information about the civilizations of these bygone eras, their development, and the contact of peoples with each other. Hence, we see that the historian must use some sciences to study ancient times. These sciences are archaeology, anthropology, and stratigraphy.